Georgia
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Georgia

State in the SE U.S.; bordered by Florida (S), Alabama (W), Tennessee and North Carolina (N), and South Carolina and the Atlantic Ocean (E).
Georgia, U.S. (Facts and Figures)

Area, 58,876 sq mi (152,489 sq km).
Pop. (1990) 6,478,216, an 18.6% increase over 1980 pop.
Capital, Atlanta.
Statehood, Jan. 2, 1788 (fourth of original 13 states to ratify the Constitution).
Highest pt., Brasstown Bald, 4,784 ft (1,459 m);
lowest pt., sea level.
Nickname, Empire State of the South.
Motto, Wisdom, Justice, and Moderation.
State bird, brown thrasher.
State flower, Cherokee rose.
State tree, live oak.
Abbr., Ga.; GA.
Georgia, U.S. (Land and People)

The mountains of the north, part of the APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS system, give way to the transitional Piedmont Plateau and its fertile, gently rolling hills. The southern half of the state is covered by the low-lying coastal plain; just offshore are the popular resorts of the Georgia SEA ISLANDS. Along the border with Florida is the OKEFENOKEE SWAMP, a huge wilderness area with unique flora and fauna. The climate is temperate but variable throughout the state. About 63% of the population lives in urban areas;
ATLANTA

The largest city, is the major commercial and financial center of the southeast. Other major cities are COLUMBUS, SAVANNAH, and MACON. In 1990, 71% of the population was white and the rest predominately African American (27%).
Georgia, U.S. (Economy)

Service industries and manufacturing are of prime economic importance. Major manufactures include cotton textiles, apparel, carpets, transportation equipment, processed foods, and paper. The heavily wooded state is a leading producer of lumber, pulpwood, and resins and turpentine. Georgia also provides 60% of the world's kaolin and is known for its fine marble. Principal crops are peanuts (Georgia is the largest U.S. producer), tobacco, corn, and cotton.
Georgia, U.S. (Government)

The constitution (adopted 1945) provides for a governor serving a four-year term. The general assembly consists of a 56-seat senate and a 180-seat house, both of whose members serve two-year terms. Georgia sends 11 representatives and 2 senators to the U.S. Congress and has 13 electoral votes.
Georgia, U.S. (History)

The region was inhabited by the CREEK and CHEROKEE when it was visited (c.1540) by Hernando DE SOTO. Subsequently, both England and Spain claimed control of the area, and British settlers led by James E. OGLETHORPE arrived in 1733. The British captured much of Georgia during the AMERICAN REVOLUTION. Following the war, cotton cultivation, based on the plantation system and slavery, began to dominate the economy. In 1861 Georgia seceded from the Union and joined the CONFEDERACY. The state suffered considerable damage during the CIVIL WAR, with the burning of Atlanta (1864) and Gen. W.T. SHERMAN's destructive march to the sea. By the 1880s the textile industry was transforming the state's economy from agriculture to manufacturing. In the early 1960s Georgia was the first state of the deep South to proceed with integration without a major curtailment of its public-school system. In 1976 Jimmy CARTER became the first native Georgian to be elected U.S. president. From the 1970s to early 90s, Georgia's cities, especially Atlanta, experienced significant growth, further heightening the disparity between the urban centers and rural areas of the state. Central and western portions of Georgia experienced unusually severe flooding in 1994.

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